|
Conceição is a civil parish in the municipality of Horta in the Portuguese Azores. The population in 2011 was 1,138,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 3.08 km².〔(Eurostat )〕 It is the second smallest parish within the administration of Horta. ==History== The settlement of the area that became known as ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' was first attributed to the Flemish nobleman Joss van Aard (which was later transliterated into Portuguese as ''José da Terra'', literally ''Joseph of the Earth/Land''), where he made his home, cultivated a small parcel, and planted fruit trees on the edge of ''Ribeira dos Flamengos'' (''Ravine of the Flems''): :''"...who settle along a ravine, today named Ribeira da Conceição, in virtue of the chapel to this invocation that he constructed..."''〔Marcelino de Lima (1981)〕 Along his holdings was a large promontory that overlooked the Bay of Horta, and extended into the Canal that the Flemish colonists referred to as ''The Needle'' (''(オランダ語:Spelk Maker)''), later to be known in Portuguese as ''Espalamaca''. In 1498, Joss de Utra (the second Captain-donatário of Faial), established his administrative center for the village in the deeper part of the Conceição, thus attracting a settlement wave. A decade after this migration, King Sebastian (30 July 1568) referred to several new communities in the eastern coast of Faial: São Salvador (Matriz), with about 100 to 200 homes; Feteira, Castelo Branco, Praia do Norte, Praia do Almoxarife and Flamengos, with less than 100. In this document, the parish of Nossa Senhora da Conceição was established. Later, friar Diogo das Chagas, a noted historian, in his book ''Espelho Cristalino''〔Diogo das Chagas (1989) p.478〕 referred to this parish having 594 inhabitants scattered in 161 buildings. D'Utra, would establish his administration at ''Rua do Bom Jesus No.16'' in Conceição, to house his executive, administration and local jail (referred locally as the ''Casa da Câmara e Cadeia''), literally the ''House of the Council and Jail''. By 5 November 1632, Fernão Gomes Massam, then ''Corregador dos Açores'', reported that the building became incapacitated and its roles were transferred to other buildings within the municipality.〔In 1926, only the walls remained of this building which was destroyed by the 31 August earthquake.〕 Fortifications were constructed in the lower part of the parish during the 17th Century, including the Fort of Alagoa (July 1621) and later the Fort of Bom Jesus (1821), in order to help protect and defend Horta from pirates and privateers that harassed and sacked the communities of the archipelago. ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' was actually the second village in the Horta basin, after ''Matriz do Santíssimo Salvador'': the parish of Nossa Senhora das Angústias established only in 1684. The historian Gaspar Frutuoso, noted that the ''Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' (''Church of Our Lady of the Conception'') was constructed with three naves, and five columns on each side, and chapel located on its eastern quarter. In 1589, it was sacked by English privateers. In October 1597, it was once again pillaged, but then set aflame. Frair Diogo de Chagas noted that it was rebuilt, starting in 1607, becoming the ''“most perfect that existed before"''. It was once again remodelled in 1749, under the direction of Father Teodósio Ferreira de Melo. In 1701, the Hermitage of Pilar ((ポルトガル語:Ermida de Pilar)) was built by Father Filipe Furtado de Mendonça, along the edge of the parish (along Espalamaca), where he was eventually buried. In 1729 it was destroyed during a fire. Also, across from the ''Casais do Farrobo'', as noted by Gaspar Frutuoso, a chapel for Santo Amaro ((英語:Ermida de Santo Amaro)) was constructed as promised by Braz Pereira Sarmento. In 1858 the Forte do Bom Jesus, having been almost completely abandoned except for a canon, was requalified in order to house the new jail. In 1868, a road was finally opened to the chapel of Santo Amaro in Flamengos. It was in the late part of the 19th century that Manuel Inácio de Souza Sarmento, a rich politician in the municipal council of Horta constructed the Palacete of Pilar alongside the Hermitage of Pilar, which would be centre of society until it was divided between his ancestors a century later. The residence was ransacked by his descendents, sold off and occupied by the family of the Viscount Leite-Perry, losing much of its cultural importance. The planting of the first submarine cable on Alagoa Beach, initiated the ''Era das Companhias dos Cabos'' (''Era of the Cable Companies''), on 23 August 1893. The ''Palacete do Barão da Ribeirinha'' (''Palacette of the Baron of Ribeirinha''), the home of Vitoriano da Rosa Martins, then situated in the ''Largo da Igreja Paroquial'', functioned provisionally as the ''Liceu da Horta'' (''Lyceum of Horta''), an educational school for members of the upper-classes. On 31 August 1926, the parish suffered an enormous earthquake that caused the inhabitants to become displaced or homeless. The grand local church did not escape the tremors, and was irreparably destroyed: it was reconstructed in 1933, in a modest Art Deco-style. Similarly, by the end of the 20th century, the Palacete of Pilar, now completely abandoned, caught fire and was engulfed. For many years, Father Américo's project, the ''Casa do Gaiato'', operated a home for abandoned or orphaned children in Conceição. Inaugurated on 28 September 1969, it helped to transition many children into the society of Horta; for 30 years it provided aid and care to these children, under the tutelage of Father Raul de Jesus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conceição (Horta)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|